Bloat (gastric dilation) refers to the distention of the stomach due to the presence of a large amout of air. It is often accompanied by torsion (volvulus) in which the stomach rotates, trapping the excess air, though the terms 'bloat' and 'torsion' are commonly used interchangably. Together they are known as gastric dilation/volvulus or GDV. GDV is an acute condition of sudden onset, leading inevitably to a frightening, painful death if prompt and correct veterinary treatment is not received. Dog breeds which have a deep, narrow chest, including Irish wolfhounds, are predisposed to GDV, and within those breeds it is more common in older dogs, in nervous dogs and in those with a close family history of the condition. The precise causes are not known, but are likely to involve several factors working together, making it difficult for owners to know how best to manage their dog in order to avoid it. The signs and symptoms may vary considerably from dog to dog, and can occur in the middle of the night and up to twelve hours after the last meal. They are likely to include: restlessness, anxious pacing, swollen abdomen, great pain, non-productive vomiting (possibly bringing up white froth), whining, panting, salivating, standing head down with legs apart and rapid, shallow breathing. Collapse, heart failure and death will occur if urgent, competent veterinary treatment is not available.

Bloat